湘绣｜非遗交互网页

以针为笔以线为墨以布为纸

Using needles as pens, threads as ink, and cloth as paper

湘绣简介

Introduction

湘绣是中国四大名绣（苏绣、湘绣、蜀绣、粤绣）之一，是以湖南长沙为中心、带有鲜明湘楚文化特色的湖南刺绣产品的总称。它起源于湖南民间刺绣，吸取了苏绣和粤绣的优点而发展起来，已经有两千多年历史。

湘绣享有“绣花花生香，绣鸟可听声，绣虎会奔跑，绣人能传神”的美誉。其独创的鬍毛针技艺，能让绣出的狮、虎等猛兽毛发刚劲、生动自然。

Xiang embroidery is one of China's Four Great Embroideries, together with Su embroidery, Shu embroidery and Yue embroidery. It is a general term for Hunan embroidery works with distinct Xiang-Chu cultural features, centered in Changsha.

Originating from Hunan folk embroidery, it absorbed the strengths of Su and Yue embroidery and has a history of more than 2,000 years. Its unique hair stitch technique makes lions, tigers and other animals appear powerful, natural and vivid.

刺绣工艺

Embroidery Craft

鬍毛针
掺针
平针
施针

鬍毛针

Delicate Stitches

鬍毛针是湘绣区别于其他名绣的代表性技艺之一，由老艺人余振辉于20世纪60年代首创。它在湘绣掺针的基础上演变而来，以粗线铺底、细线混色，按照动物毛发的生长方向有规律地层层施针。

这种针法通过粗细线结合以及疏密变化，使动物毛发呈现蓬松、聚散和深浅层次。丝线既能表现表层毛发的质感，也能隐约显露里层斑纹，使狮、虎等动物形象自然生动。

Hair stitch is one of the signature techniques that distinguishes Xiang embroidery. It was created by veteran craftsman Yu Zhenhui in the 1960s and evolved from the mixed stitch system.

Thick threads form the base while fine threads blend colours and follow the natural direction of animal fur. Variations in thread thickness and stitch density create depth, texture and lifelike movement.

施针规律

Painting with Threads

鬍毛针施绣时需要顺着动物毛发的自然走向运针，通过粗线铺底、细线混色和层层叠加来塑造毛发。针脚根据毛发的疏密、粗细与明暗灵活变化，使丝线呈现自然的聚散关系。

粗线首先铺出毛发根部，形成蓬松的基础；细线随后按照毛路逐层加入，在保留底层颜色的同时完成色彩过渡。最后将线头隐藏，使毛发走向保持连贯、自然。

Hair stitch follows the natural growth direction of animal fur. Thick threads create a loose base, while fine threads are layered gradually to blend colours and reveal the texture beneath.

By changing thread thickness and stitch density, the embroidery develops depth, movement and a three-dimensional quality while keeping the surface smooth and refined.

掺针法

Mixed Straight Stitch

掺针是湘绣标志性的平绣针法，由李仪徽改良创立。运针时采用长短错落的针脚，深浅不同的色线互相穿插搭接，针迹隐藏在丝线下方，从而实现平滑的色彩渐变和自然晕染。

针脚交接处不宜搭线过长。掺针可分为内掺和外掺，又衍生出接掺针、拗掺针、挖掺针、直掺、横掺和斜掺等变化。它常用于表现花瓣、叶片、山石以及人物肌肤的明暗层次。

Mixed Straight Stitch is a signature stitch of Hunan embroidery, refined by Li Yihui. It uses staggered long and short stitches, allowing threads of different shades to overlap and create smooth colour gradations.

The technique includes inner, outer, continuous, curved, vertical, horizontal and diagonal variations. It is widely used for petals, leaves, rocks and human skin, contributing to the realistic character of Hunan embroidery.

平针法

Flat Stitch

平针是中国四大刺绣中最基础、使用范围最广的平绣针法，也是湘绣体系中的入门针法。许多复杂针法都是由平针逐渐演变而来。

平针的核心要求是针脚平铺、线条平行以及绣面平整均匀。起针与落针需要保持在纹样轮廓内，每一针的长短基本一致，丝线紧密排列但不相互重叠。

Flat Stitch is the most basic and widely used flat embroidery stitch. It also serves as an introductory stitch in Hunan embroidery.

Its core requirement is flat stitches and parallel threads that form an even surface. Thread direction follows the shape and structure of the embroidered subject.

平针可以分为直平针、横平针和斜平针三类。直平针纵向走线，横平针横向走线，斜平针沿斜线方向铺线。

平针不擅长表现柔和而复杂的渐变，更适合衣物底色、墙体、平面花叶以及器物底色等造型简洁、色彩平整的区域。

Flat stitch has three main types: vertical, horizontal and diagonal. It is most suitable for solid, flat areas rather than soft colour gradients.

游针绣

Wandering Stitch

游针是湘绣重要的写实类平绣针法，属于掺针体系的衍生针法，也常被称为“游掺针”。它的核心特点是顺着物象形态灵活转弯、连贯运针，并在行针过程中完成颜色混合。

游针以接掺针为基础，针路跟随物体的起伏和转折灵活变化。在转弯处缩短针脚，使绣面保持平整，同时避免丝线交叉和堆叠。每层丝线相互衔接，从而形成自然的色彩过渡。

Wandering Stitch is a realistic flat embroidery technique derived from the mixed stitch system. Its needle path bends freely along the contours and curved surfaces of the subject.

Stitches are shortened at sharp turns to maintain a smooth surface. Layers of silk interlock gradually, creating natural colour transitions and subtle changes between light and shadow.